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Evaluating Near-Horizontal Light Emission from Outdoor Lighting DarkSky International – Tucson, AZ March 16, 2026 Executive Summary Upward-emitted outdoor light has long been identified as a source of atmospheric light pollution, a.k.a. sky glow. This form of light...
Executive Summary This report details a photobiological hazard assessment of the general concept of Orbital Solar Reflectors (OSRs). A recent proposal, Reflect Orbital’s proposed Earendil-1 satellite is used as an exemplar. The analysis was conducted following IEC...
Introduction This article is based on a presentation I had the pleasure of delivering at the recent Canada Light Expo 2025 in Toronto. My aim with the presentation was to offer a brief overview of some key aspects of horticultural lighting and to highlight how it...
Refinements to the Worthing Relationship – A Quantum Version of Wien’s Displacement Law Eric Bretschneider, Ph.D. Abstract Wien’s Displacement Law is a simple equation that allows calculation of the peak wavelength for a black body light source as a function of...
Author: Alexander Willemsen, Degree of Master of Science of Engineering Based on a paper authored by Eric Bretschneider, Ph.D. The Circadian Stimulus (CS) model is one of the most well-known models for quantifying the circadian impact of lighting. One striking feature...
Author: Eric Bretschneider, Ph.D INTRODUCTION When considering the potential circadian impact of lighting, lighting designers have a choice between three different models: melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance, or m-EDI [CIE 2018]; equivalent melanopic lux, or EML...
Written in 2015, “Greenhouse Design and Control” (Ponce et al. 2015) is extraordinarily comprehensive in its coverage of greenhouse design issues, from site selection through structural load bearing analysis and ventilation technologies to greenhouse automation using adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems. On the topic of greenhouse lighting, however, it has only this to say: “The light level in the greenhouse should be adequate and uniform for crop growth.”
We have been using ultraviolet radiation as a means of disinfection for over a century. However, it has been the unfortunate events of the past year that have led to an explosion of interest in ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems. From mercury vapour and...
In summary, visible light disinfection technology may be useful in some applications, but it is by no means a panacea. When designing or specifying a disinfection system, both the lighting designer and the client will need to thoroughly understand the capabilities and limitations of the technology, and agree upon its purpose.
time light pollution is sadly familiar to all of us. While our grandparents and great-grandparents may talk fondly of seeing the Milky Way in their youth, with thousands of stars scattered across the dark summer sky, we are mostly content with seeing a few dozen stars through the never-ending dusk of urban and suburban skies.